Terminal Settling Velocity of Cylindrical Rods of Various Shapes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this research, a set of straight, curved, V-shaped, and U-shaped cylindrical rods are dropped in a chamber filled with a quiescent glycerin mixture to approximate the settling of microplastic fibres in the environment.The fall trajectory and terminal velocity of the rods are determined using cameras facing the two perpendicular sides of the chamber.The results show that the terminal velocities of the curved and V-shaped rods are greater than those of the straight rods with the same diameter and aspect ratio.U-shaped rods always exhibit a greater terminal velocity than straight rods with the same dimensions.As the aspect ratio of a U-shaped rod increases, the terminal velocity initially increases, reaches a peak value, and then decreases, reflecting the interplay between the length of the rod arms and the inclination angle.This research shows that fibre shape significantly affects the terminal velocity, which must, therefore, be included in future non-dimensional models to accurately predict the transport of microfibres in the environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".