Comparison of vegetable powders as ingredients of flatbreads: technological and nutritional properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Health-driven innovation is transforming bakery products, particularly with non-conventional ingredients. This study aimed to produce healthy and technologically acceptable flatbreads, exploring the inclusion (2%) of vegetable powders (black and green olives, orange peel, lemon, tomato, beetroot, carrot, onion, artichoke, spinach, chard, kale and pak choi). Spinach and chard increased the mineral content (1.42 and 1.30 g/ 100 g) respect to control (1.01 g/100 g). Fibre content ranged from 9.33 to 11.18 g/100 g when added onion, chard, pak choi, tomato or artichoke. Beetroot was the most effective changing the colour (ΔE* 43.09), while tomato reduced the hardness (4.06 vs 5.29 N in the control). Lemon and tomato were effective reducing the extent of starch enzymatic hydrolysis by 65% and 34%, respectively. Vegetable powders can be innovative, natural, sustainable and healthy ingredients in the breadmaking of flatbreads. The incorporation of these non-conventional ingredients opens new opportunities for the bakery industry.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".