The First Translations of the Qur’an into Russian Made in the Era of Peter the Great: the Current State of Research and Prospects for Further Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article is published on the occasion of the launch of the series “Qur’an in Russia”, which includes all historical translations of the Qur’an into Russian. The series was opened with the reprint of “The Al-Koran of Mohammed” published in 1716, the fi rst complete translation of the Qur’an into Russian. Another translation of the Qur’an into Russian, also made in the fi rst quarter of the 18th century and preserved in manuscript, is currently being transcribed and translated into modern Russian for the next edition. In the course of this work, the researchers of the Moscow Islamic Institute and the “Medina” publishing house have studied the manuscripts of the translations and the copies of the Qur’anic translation published in 1716, including the correction edition as well as its typeset manuscript. We also analysed the results of Russian historiographical studies on these documents. The main results of our research on this subject are reported in the present work.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".