Chitin and Cellulose as Constituents of Efficient, Sustainable, and Flexible Zinc-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor (ZIHS) is a prospective energy storage device featuring cost-effectiveness, operational safety, environmental friendliness, high-power performance, and satisfied energy density. 1 The sustainability of this ZIHS technology is even improved by introducing biopolymer constituents into the cell construction. 2 Herein, efficient, sustainable, and flexible ZIHSs employing polysaccharide (chitin- or cellulose-based) components are developed. 3 Using green ionic liquid solvents, biopolymer-bound, activated carbon-based cathode materials and hydrogel biopolymer electrolytes containing conductive zinc salts are obtained. According to systematical characterization results, the prepared materials possess favorable functional properties. Biopolymer binders provide homogeneity and integrity within the electrode network and high adhesion to the surface of the current collector. Depending on the type of zinc salt, hydrogel biopolymer electrolytes display high ionic conductivity (up to 46 mS cm −1 ), expanded electrochemical stability window (up to ca . 2.8 V), and zinc dendrites growth suppression. Biopolymer components assembled with zinc foil electrodes operate efficiently in both coin and pouch ZIHS cell configurations, providing satisfactory energy (45–50 Wh kg −1 ) and high power (10–20 kW kg −1 ) density combined with excellent cycle stability. Moreover, these ZIHS pouch-type devices exhibit superior durability and flexibility, withstanding mechanical stress up to 150° bending states with at least 90% of capacitance retention. It suggests a prospect for their application in wearable electronics. 4 References (1) Wang, Y.; Sun, S.; Wu, X.; Liang, H.; Zhang, W. Status and Opportunities of Zinc Ion Hybrid Capacitors: Focus on Carbon Materials, Current Collectors, and Separators. Nano-Micro Lett. 2023 , 15 (1), 78. (2) Kasprzak, D.; Mayorga-Martinez, C. C.; Pumera, M. Sustainable and Flexible Energy Storage Devices : A Review. Energy & Fuels 2023 , 37 , 74–97. (3) Kasprzak, D.; Liu, J. Chitin and Cellulose as Constituents of Efficient, Sustainable, and Flexible Zinc-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors. Sustain. Mater. Technol. 2023 , 38 , e00726. (4) Dubal, D. P.; Chodankar, N. R.; Kim, D. H.; Gomez-Romero, P. Towards Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitors for Smart and Wearable Electronics. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018 , 47 (6), 2065–2129. Figure 1. Graphical abstract of the research on biopolymer-based Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors. Figure 1
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it