The diversity of clinical Mycobacterium abscessus isolates in morphology, glycopeptidolipids and infection rates in a macrophage model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction. Mycobacterium abscessus (MABS) is a pathogenic bacterium that can cause severe lung infections, particularly in individuals with cystic fibrosis. MABS colonies can exhibit either a smooth (S) or rough (R) morphotype, influenced by the presence or absence of glycopeptidolipids (GPLs) on their surface, respectively. Despite the clinical significance of these morphotypes, the relationship between GPL levels, morphotype and the pathogenesis of MABS infections remains poorly understood. Gap statement. The mechanisms and implications of GPL production and morphotypes in clinical MABS infections are unclear. There is a gap in understanding their correlation with infectivity and pathogenicity, particularly in patients with underlying lung disease. Aim. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between MABS morphology, GPL and infectivity by analysing strains from cystic fibrosis patients’ sputum samples. Methodology. MABS was isolated from patient sputum samples and categorized by morphotype, GPL profile and replication rate in macrophages. A high-content ex vivo infection model using THP-1 cells assessed the infectivity of both clinical and laboratory strains. Results. Our findings revealed that around 50 % of isolates displayed mixed morphologies. GPL analysis confirmed a consistent relationship between GPL content and morphotype that was only found in smooth isolates. Across morphotype groups, no differences were observed in vitro , yet clinical R strains were observed to replicate at higher levels in the THP-1 infection model. Moreover, the proportion of infected macrophages was notably higher among clinical R strains compared to their S counterparts at 72 h post-infection. Clinical variants also infected THP-1 cells at significantly higher rates compared to laboratory strains, highlighting the limited translatability of lab strain infection data to clinical contexts. Conclusion. Our study confirmed the general correlation between morphotype and GPL levels in smooth strains yet unveiled more variability within morphotype groups than previously recognized, particularly during intracellular infection. As the R morphotype is the highest clinical concern, these findings contribute to the expanding knowledge base surrounding MABS infections, offering insights that can steer diagnostic methodologies and treatment approaches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".