Canada v. France (Award of the Arbitral Tribunal, 10 June 1992)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This chapter starts by introducing the case, which concerned the delimitation of the maritime boundary between Canada and two islands, St Pierre and Miquelon, which collectively is described as a French ‘collectivité territoriale’ in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean. The dispute dated back to 1966, when Canada and France exchanged notes verbales and aide mémoires stating their positions with regard to continental shelf delimitation following the issuance of hydrocarbon exploration permits by each party. The chapter argues that this was an unusual case involving delimitation between a group of small islands, on the one hand, and a large nearby continental State, on the other. The two sides were in a relationship of coastal adjacency with regard to the majority of the disputed area. The case provides an important precedent in the context of small islands situated adjacent to large continental landmasses and abutting open ocean areas. The chapter ends with some notes on developments since the Award.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".