Regulated and adaptive in vivo insulin secretion from islets only containing β-cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Insulin-producing β-cells in pancreatic islets are regulated by systemic cues and, locally, by adjacent islet hormone-producing 'non-β-cells' (namely α-cells, δ-cells and γ-cells). Yet whether the non-β-cells are required for accurate insulin secretion is unclear. Here, we studied mice in which adult islets are exclusively composed of β-cells and human pseudoislets containing only primary β-cells. Mice lacking non-β-cells had optimal blood glucose regulation, enhanced glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and restricted body weight gain under a high-fat diet. The insulin secretion dynamics in islets composed of only β-cells was comparable to that in intact islets. Similarly, human β-cell pseudoislets retained the glucose-regulated mitochondrial respiration, insulin secretion and exendin-4 responses of entire islets. The findings indicate that non-β-cells are dispensable for blood glucose homeostasis and β-cell function. These results support efforts aimed at developing diabetes treatments by generating β-like clusters devoid of non-β-cells, such as from pluripotent stem cells differentiated in vitro or by reprograming non-β-cells into insulin producers in situ.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".