The Hmong Language as a Connection between Past and Present in Rural Thailand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
My ethnographic research took place in Pa Klang in Thailand during a university field school from late May to early August 2022. The Hmong are an ethnic group who originally lived in Southeast Asia in mountainous regions, supported by an agrarian lifestyle. Until the mid-nineteenth century, the Hmong language had no writing system and was based on oral traditions. The methods I used to gather data included observations of social interactions and participation in events, interviews, and surveys. Though most research about Hmong language maintenance has been done in the United States, diasporic Hmong communities exist in many parts of the world and assimilate into many different cultures while trying to sustain theirs. I focus my research on a Hmong community in Thailand. I argue that the younger Hmong generations have a different experience with language loss and maintenance in Thailand compared to the United States. I argue that Hmong youth in Thailand seek to learn more about their language in churches and university clubs to remain emotionally and linguistically connected to their friends and family, learn their roles in Hmong society, and pass the language on to future generations.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".