Aerodynamic Noise Generated in Three-Dimensional Lock-In and Galloping Behavior of Square Cylinder in High Reynolds Number Turbulent Flows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The flow dynamics and aeroacoustics propagation for flow-induced vibration system consisting of three-dimensional flow past an elastically-mounted square cylinder are investigated using the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings method and detached eddy simulation model for the first time. Previous experimental and numerical data are compared with the results obtained by models implemented in this work to validate the correctness of the present hybrid modeling. The representative reduced velocities, spanning from lock-in to galloping regimes of concerned configurations, are chosen for investigation with the Reynolds number fixed at 6.67 × 104. The structural response of the present fluid-induced vibration (FIV) system exhibits the feature of “vortex-induced vibration–galloping instability,” and the pattern of wake dynamics is determined into “wake-locked instability” or “wake-unlocked instability“ based on the specific vortex-shedding behavior. Specifically, the wake dynamics of the FIV system at a reduced velocity of 30 involve spatially concentrated vortex-shedding behaviors compared to smaller reduced velocities, leading to the corresponding higher-frequency components in the pressure spectrum. Furthermore, the enhancement of structural amplitude leads to the increasing energy of acoustics pressure, but structural amplitude is not the only decisive factor in determining the power of sound pressure level. The impermeable surface could provide the turbulence-induced noise source which increases the power of broadband frequency. The phase differences of acoustics pressure fluctuation between loading and thickness noise components will suppress the overall noise energy and the variation of phase differences is correlated to the position of sound monitors as well as reduced velocities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".