Performance of plain and nano-modified coatings applied to a concrete bridge deck in cold regions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surface treatments applied to new or existing concrete elements provide effective protection against intrusive media, helping to reduce maintenance and repair costs. However, technical data are scarce on documenting the field performance of concrete surface treatments in cold regions with aggressive conditions, particularly for emerging nano-modified coatings. To address this gap, a field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different plain and nanocomposites as surface treatments on 34-year-old concrete bridge deck sections in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The study compared neat resins (silane, methyl methacrylate, and ethyl silicate) and nano-based coatings (nano-silica 50 % solution, silane with nano-clay, and silane with nano-silica at 2.5 % and 5 % by mass) on cores extracted from cracked and uncracked concrete prepared with two surface preparation methods. The experiments compared the initial performance (transport properties and microstructural features) of coated concrete to its performance after one year under service conditions. The results indicate that coatings play a significant role in providing protection against intrusive media and reducing maintenance efforts and costs. Among the coatings tested, silane and methyl methacrylate offered the least improvement in concrete protection with time in cold regions. The 50 % nano-silica solution provided moderate performance, whereas ethyl silicate and silane nanocomposites demonstrated superior performance in reducing transport properties regardless of the surface preparation methods. Given the improvement in long-term durability and cost, silane nanocomposites with a 2.5 % loading ratio may be a viable treatment method for concrete flatwork in cold regions. • Coatings on shot-blasted and power-washed bridge deck concrete performed similarly. • Silane and methyl methacrylate coated concrete decreased efficacy after one year. • The uneven distribution of nano-silica 50 % coating gave intermediate performance. • Ethyl silicate and silane nanocomposites delivered superior performance. • Silane with nano-clay or nano-silica at 2.5 % wt. were cost-effective alternatives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".