The effect of leflunomide on B-cell lymphocytes in vitiligo
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Vitiligo is a long-lasting pigmentary skin disease. It is distinguished by the demise of melanocytes in the skin. It significantly affects the quality of life of patients. Its source remains unknown. B lymphocytes have a significant role in autoimmune process by producing autoantibodies. Leflunomide (LF) is an immunomodulator and a member of the disease-modifying antirheumatic family of drugs (DMARDs). Aims: Immunohistochemical expression of CD20 in lesional skin of vitiligo patients before and after leflunomide treatment. Methods: Skin biopsies were taken from 16 active vitiligo patients before and after treatment with leflunomide for immunohistochemichal examinations of CD 20. Results: No CD20+ cells in skin biopsies either before or after treatment. Conclusions: Despite the known role of B lymphocyte in vitiligo, and the role of leflunomide in halting vitiligo activity, skin biopsies of active vitiligo lesions showed no B cells (CD 20+ cells) either before or after treatment with leflunomide. Keywords: Vitiligo; leflunomide; B-lymphocyte; skin biopsy; CD20.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".