Soil–pile interaction of laterally loaded fixed-head piles and pile groups in unsaturated sand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the lateral behavior of piles in unsaturated cohesionless sandy soil using centrifuge modelling. The lateral loading was conducted on a single fixed-head pile and 2 × 2 fixed-head pile groups with 3D and 5D spacings. The results showed that the single fixed-head pile demonstrated greater magnitudes of lateral resistance response compared to the leading and trailing piles of the pile groups. Moreover, the piles experienced greater lateral loads when the water table was about a quarter of the embedded pile depth in the soil layer for the single fixed-head pile and leading piles in the group. The group efficiencies of the pile increased as the water table reduced up to half of the embedded pile length for the 3D pile spacing. However, this effect was negligible for 5D pile spacing. Considering the mixed unsaturated–saturated ground condition can lead to a more resilient foundation design under climate-induced and seasonal fluctuations of water table level and also pave the path for the inclusion of future climatic scenarios.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".