Decentralized Control Design for Heating System in Multi-Zone Buildings Based on Whale Optimization Algorithm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For improving the energy efficacy and control performance, integration of swarm optimization with controller design could successfully reach this objective.In this study, a comparative analysis has been conducted between two decentralized control structures based on optimized Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and PID-Proportional (PID-P) controllers for optimal controlling of heating system in multi-zone building.Based on the energy balance equation, the mathematical dynamics model of the heating system is established in the building.In order to enhance and optimize the performances of both controllers, their design parameters are tuned based on Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA).Two objectives have been considered in the optimization process of heating system.The first objective is to minimize the error in temperature, between the desired and real temperatures, based on IAE (Integral of Absolute Error) index, while the second objective is the minimization of the heat energy consumption.The normalization method has been used to adjust between the two differently-scaled objectives.Simulation results based on MATLAB reveal that the PID-P controller achieved better performance in terms of providing comfort indoor temperature with energy savings as compared to the PID controller.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".