Process Mining, Modeling, and Management in Construction: A Critical Review of Three Decades of Research Coupled with a Current Industry Perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The so-called digital transformation of the construction industry is essential to overcoming long-standing global productivity stagnation. This transformation aims to adopt the latest technological developments and methodologies to improve construction productivity while supporting data-informed decision-making. However, the construction sector has fallen short of meeting the fast-growing population’s demands for sustainable quality infrastructure at the required pace as it has not yet taken full advantage of these advancements. Despite broad experience in managing projects, when it comes to modeling, monitoring, and re-engineering processes, the construction industry has fallen behind several other industries. To overcome these challenges, efficient construction processes and operational strategies are essential to keeping organizations competitive and meeting market demands. In this regard, even though several studies on process modeling and management in construction exist, research on construction process improvement and automation through data-driven process mining remains understudied. Moreover, the literature lacks a comprehensive review of process-oriented studies with practical industry insights. To fill these gaps, this paper aims to provide an exhaustive analysis of process mining, modeling, and management as reported by the most current state of the literature in the architecture, engineering, construction/facility management (AEC/FM) domain coupled with a current industry perspective. As a result, the authors: (1) propose a conceptual process classification framework that considers the broad spectrum of process-oriented studies in the existing literature; (2) identify construction processes commonly present across a project’s life cycle; (3) design and conduct structured interviews with subject matter experts to validate identified processes and get industry insights about them; (4) spot major literature gaps describing future research opportunities; and (5) develop a business process model canvas template that supports construction organizations in improving their corporate memory and pursuing construction productivity growth by better managing, monitoring, and automating construction processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.010 | 0.015 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".