Comparative Effects of Nd: YAG and Diode Laser Irradiation on Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates: A Molecular Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work aims to explore various stimulation by two laser types on three samples of Escherichia coli obtained from wound infected patients.Initially the bacterial isolates were collected and diagnosed at the species level.The experiments of bacterial exposure was performed using two laser types: the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet pulse Nd: YAG (energy: 800 mJ, distance: 20 cm, time: 40 sec.with 532 nm wave length) and the Diode laser (energy: 5 mw, distance: 20 cm, time: 40 sec.with 650 nm wave length).Viable bacterial count was investigated before and after exposure with laser and then the effect was evaluated at the molecular level.The molecular changes were assessed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA technique-PCR (RAPD-PCR) through using six oligomeric primers.Results revealed decreased number of viable bacterial colony after being exposed to the irradiation then sub-cultured and incubated at 37 for 24 hours the mean of decrease ratio with Diode was 53% while Nd: YAG recorded 86%, the electrophoretic profile results showed appearance of new bands and missing of others at certain molecular weights of treated samples comparing with controls.The oligomeric random primer OPB-07 scored highest number of bands while primer OPS-13 scored the least number.The laser effects on genomic DNA were characterized by distinctive mutant bands which alters gene expression of bacteria and, ultimately, inhibits bacterial growth and activity.The Nd: YAG laser scored high effects than the diode phenotypically.Thermal propagation caused more changes in the DNA.We can conclude that laser light has antibacterial activity and toxigenecity against the studied bacteria and eventually in healing wounds caused by bacteria also we conclude that the Random Amplified Polymorphic technique was effective in detecting laser changes at the molecular level as a simple low-cost method.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".