Experimental Forced Convection Study Using a Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Porous Structure with a Nanofluid: Comparison with Numerical Modeling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) show potential as porous materials in different engineering applications. Amongst them, heat sink is the subject of this paper. The advantage of such a structure is the ability to design it based on the intended applications. In the present paper, an attempt is made to experiment with a better understanding of the performance of TPMSs in heat sink applications. The experiment was conducted for different flow rates, and two heat sink materials, aluminum and silver, were used. In addition, two fluids were used experimentally: The first was water, and the second was a mixture of water containing 0.6% aluminum nanoparticles and identified as a nanofluid. The applied heat flux was maintained constant at 30,800 W/m2. The results reveal experimentally and confirm numerically that the TPMS structure secures a uniform heat extraction in the system. The development of the boundary layer in the porous structure is reduced due to the current structure design. A higher Nusselt number is obtained when the nanofluid is used as the circulating fluid. The performance evaluation criteria in the presence of the nanofluid exceed 100.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".