Encapsulation of Biomolecule (Hexanal) Using Multilayer Electrospun Nanofibers (β-Cyclodextrin/PVA/PLGA) for Controlled Release to Extend the Postharvest Shelf Life of Mango Fruits (Alphonso)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrospun multilayer nanofiber matrices developed using β-cyclodextrin, poly(vinyl alcohol), and poly(lactic- co -glycolic) acid effectively encapsulated the hexanal biomolecule and facilitated its controlled release. The multilayer nanofiber matrices loaded with hexanal (overlay method) are characterized through scanning electron microscopy (171 nm), transmission electron microscopy (73 nm), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (peak at 1716 cm –1 corresponds to hexanal), X-ray diffraction (12.13 and 18.69°), and thermogravimetric analysis (340 °C). Fruits treated with hexanal-loaded multilayer nanofiber matrices by the overlay method recorded a lower loss in physiological weight, pH, total soluble solids, and total sugar content (17.61%, 5.15, 20.05° Brix, 17.32%, whereas in control 26.99%, 5.75, 23.08° Brix, and 21.34%, respectively, on 21st day of observation), and furthermore, the firmness, titratable acidity, and vitamin C (11.86 N/m, 0.54, and 8.53%) were higher than those of control (6.12 N/m, 0.38, and 5.09%, respectively). The shelf life of mango fruits (var. Alphonso) treated with multilayer nanofiber matrices was extended up to 23 days compared to that of the control fruits (12 days). Thus, the overall results suggested that multilayer nanofiber matrices effectively encapsulate hexanal and regulate its release slowly, which could be effectively used to enhance the physical and biochemical components and shelf life of fruits.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".