Effect of Supplemental Donor Human Milk Compared With Preterm Formula on Neurodevelopment of Very Low Birth Weight Infants at 18 Months
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Donor human milk (DHM) is widely used as a supplement to a shortfall in mother’s own milk (MOM) supply, although preterm formula (PTF) is an alternative. This trial aimed to evaluate the impact of DHM compared with PTF on neurodevelopmental outcome. This pragmatic, double-blind trial conducted in 4 Canadian NICUs randomized 363 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants to receive either DHM (n = 181) or PTF (n = 182) when there was a shortfall in MOM supply. There were no differences in mean Bayley-III composite scores for cognitive, language, or motor development at 18 months corrected age. However, there was an important significant difference in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) stage ≥2 between the DHM versus the PTF group (1.7% v 6.6%; p = 0.02) in a preplanned exploratory analysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".