Exploring Group Differences in Attenuated Symptoms and Functioning Between Clinical High Risk Individuals With and Without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common comorbid diagnosis in psychotic disorders. However, little is known about the effect of comorbid PTSD in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate group differences in symptom severity, risk for psychotic conversion and functioning among youth at CHR for psychosis with and without PTSD. METHODS: This longitudinal study utilized data from N = 693 individuals who met criteria for CHR as part of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study 3 (NAPLS-3). Individuals who met criteria for PTSD were compared to those who did not meet criteria for PTSD on demographic, symptom and functional variables. RESULTS: Individuals diagnosed with PTSD (N = 54) reported more severe overall positive symptoms (p = 0.008), negative symptoms (p = 0.043) and general symptoms (p = 0.008) compared to those without the diagnosis (N = 639). These symptom differences were primarily accounted for by more grandiose symptoms (p = 0.026), decreased experience of emotions (p = 0.043), sleep disturbance (p = 0.043), dysphoric mood (p = 0.012) and impaired tolerance to stress (p = 0.008) in those with PTSD. In Cox proportional hazards models using the full sample with censoring at last follow-up, PTSD diagnosis was not associated with time to psychosis conversion. Exploratory analyses of trauma subtype within the PTSD group also did not identify any trauma category significantly associated with conversion risk. Timing of trauma exposure (early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence) was not significantly associated with conversion. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a diagnosis of PTSD is associated with more severe overlapping symptoms in individuals meeting the criteria for CHR but not psychotic conversion. Our findings underscore the importance of recognizing and treating comorbid psychiatric conditions including PTSD in CHR populations as a means of reducing symptoms and improving outcomes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".