Controlling and Tuning the Dispersion Properties of Calcined Kaolinite Particles in Various Organic Solvents via the Modification Method Using Triethoxyvinylsilane and 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The surface of calcined kaolinite particles underwent chemical modification using Vinyltriethoxysilane (VTMS) and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA). The grafting ratio of VTMS on the calcined kaolinite surface was adjusted by varying its quantity. FT-IR analysis revealed the initial grafting of VTMS onto the kaolinite surface, resulting in the formation of a C=C reactive site on the surface. Subsequently, an olefin click reaction with 3-MPA occurred, leading to the effective grafting of 3-MPA onto the kaolinite surface and the formation of an efficient coating. Thermal analysis indicated that the optimal grafting level was achieved at a modifier content V:K ratio of 0.5. The estimated grafting ratio of the modifier on the kaolinite surface was approximately 40% when V:K was 0.5. Water contact angle and dispersion experiments demonstrated that the surface properties of kaolinite were effectively controlled by this modification approach. At V:K = 0.3, the modified kaolinite particles exhibited good dispersion in both polar and non-polar solvents. In polar solvents, the average particle size of modified kaolinite was below 1100 nm, while in non-polar solvents, it did not exceed 5000 nm. Considering all aspects, a V:K ratio of 0.3 is recommended. Further investigation into the impact of adding 3-MPA on the surface properties of modified kaolinite particles based on V:K = 0.3 revealed that the hydrophilicity of the modified particles could be enhanced. However, it is advised to keep the maximum M:V ratio (3-MPA to kaolinite) at 1.0.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".