<i>Pilosella</i>spp., Hawkweeds / Piloselles (Asteraceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hawkweeds are a complex of species in the genus Pilosella ; there are at least 15 species established in North America. Several species are listed as noxious weeds in parts of Canada, as they pose a threat to both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Several hawkweed species have been targeted for biological control in Canada and the United States, including orange hawkweed ( Pilosella aurantiaca ), meadow hawkweed ( Pilosella caespitosa ) and whiplash hawkweed ( Pilosella flagellaris ). Thus far, two insects have been released for biological control of invasive hawkweeds in Canada: Aulacidea subterminalis (starting in 2011) and Cheilosia urbana (starting in 2017). This chapter reviews the status of the current biological control programme for hawkweeds in Canada, ongoing studies of the biology and host range of additional biological control agents, and discusses the next steps and future research needed for biological control of invasive hawkweeds.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.015 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".