Design of Automotive Radar Antenna for Covering Middle- and Long-Range With Dual-Circular Polarization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article proposes an antenna based on the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) to cover both middle- and long-range with dual-circular polarization for automotive polarimetric radar at 78 GHz. The proposed antenna comprises six columns of SIW linear inclined slot arrays fed by two same feeding networks from both sides to realize right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP). In addition, the established unequal phase and amplitude distributions of the feeding network result in a flat-shoulder beam. This type of beam prepares the required coverage range for both long- and middle-range radar using a single antenna. There is a fair agreement between the measured and simulated results, in which the proposed antenna’s gain is around 21.4 dBi and the axial ratio (AR) is lower than 3 dB throughout the operating frequency bandwidth. Besides, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{22}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are less than −10 dB between 76.3 and 79.2 GHz, and isolation is around −35 dB.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".