Wake Analysis of a Freewheeling Vertical Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine in Aquatic Environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrokinetic turbines are a promising form of renewable energy, offering sustainable power generation. The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of such turbines under real-world conditions, giving insights on flow and turbulence patterns in aquatic environments. Continuous field velocity measurements were performed to examine the behavior and impact of a 25 kW vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine (VAHT) under freewheeling conditions. Flow velocities were measured using acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) probes. Numerous measurements were taken at different distances behind the turbine, ranging from 1 turbine diameter up to 17 turbine diameters. The focal objective was to investigate turbulence intensity levels at various depths and distances behind the turbine. Results showed that turbulence was most intense in the vicinity of the turbine, peaking at the turbine centerline with 83.98% for the first test and 119% for the second test with ADCP, and 40.82% for the first test and 54.64% for the second test with ADV. Turbulence intensity gradually decreased as the distance behind the turbine increased. Data from both ADCP and ADV were used to further verify the results and compare the findings. Combining the insights from both measurement methods gave a detailed understanding of the flow and turbulence characteristics behind the vertical-axis turbine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".