The correlation between anemia and intelligence quotient (IQ) in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Anemia is considered as an important health problem because it severely affects children's growth and development. It impairs the immune mechanisms and is also associated with increased morbidity. This meta-analysis aims to assess the correlation between anemia and intelligence quotient (IQ) in children. Methods: Articles on anemia and IQ in children under 18 years old were searched in Scopus, Pubmed, and ScienceDirect, using the search term “(((Anemia) OR (Hemoglobin)) AND ((Intelligence Quotient) OR (IQ)))”. Articles before 2000 and published in languages other than English were excluded. The outcome is Intelligence Quotient. Two independent reviewers performed article screening. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4. Results: A total of 7 published studies with a total number of 1339 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed there was a statistically significant decrease in mean IQ in anemic children, compared to non-anemic children (-9.97, 95% CI: -17.99 to -1.96, p = 0.01, I2 = 99%). All of the studies have a low risk of bias. Conclusion: A decrease in mean IQ in children under 18 years old is associated with the presence of anemia.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it