Iatrogenic pediatric unilateral vocal cord paralysis after cardiac surgery: a review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP) is a growing area of research in pediatrics as it spans across many specialties including otolaryngology, cardiology, general surgery, respirology, and speech language pathology. Iatrogenic injury is the most common cause of UVCP, however there is a wide range of data reporting the prevalence, symptom burden, and best treatment practice for this condition. The literature included systematic reviews and meta-analyses, retrospective studies and limited prospective studies. Overall, the literature lacked consistency in the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes of patients with UVCP. Many articles conflated bilateral vocal cord paralysis (BVCP) with UVCP and had limited data on the natural history of the condition. There was no consensus on objective and subjective measurements to evaluate the condition or best indications for requiring surgical intervention. Thyroplasty, injection medialization (IM) and recurrent laryngeal nerve reinnervation (RLNR) were the reported surgical interventions used to treat UVCP, however there was limited data on short and long-term surgical outcomes in children. More research is needed to determine the true prevalence, natural history, indications for surgical intervention and long-term outcomes for pediatric patients with this condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".