Phytochemical Characterization of the Aerial Parts of Teucrium nuchense K. Koch: An Endemic Species of Caucasian Flora
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The genus Teucrium L. is frequently employed in traditional medicine, primarily for addressing disorders of the digestive and respiratory systems. Biological investigations focused on essential oils have substantiated their antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, and anti-rheumatic properties. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the chemical composition and biological activities of the aerial parts of the endemic species Teucrium nuchense K. Koch. Methods: The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity was evaluated through the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay and tested on normal skin fibroblasts (WS-1). Additionally, the antiinflammatory efficacy was assessed by monitoring nitric oxide production. The total phenolic content in the aqueous, methanolic, and chloroformic extracts was quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Individual compounds were isolated using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Their identification was accomplished using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with an ESI-Q-TOF detector in conjunction with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results: The essential oil yield was 0.32 ml/kg. Caryophyllene oxide, constituting 15.19 %, and 1- octen-3-ol, constituting 8.75%, emerged as the primary components in the essential oil. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes dominated the terpenic compounds, representing 25.1 % of the essential oil. The aqueous and methanolic extracts displayed a notable phenolic content, with percentages of 27 ± 2 % and 35 ± 0.1 %, respectively. Both the aqueous and methanolic extracts demonstrated robust antioxidant activity in the ORAC test and in vitro assessments using WS-1 cells. The methanolic extract, at a concentration of 160 μg/ml, inhibited NO formation by 90 %, without toxicity in RAW 264.7. Individual compounds, teucrioside from the phenylethanoid glycoside class, two neo-clerodane diterpenes, teucrin A, and 6-alpha-hydroxyteuscordine, were isolated. Conclusion: The essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of Teucrium nuchense is characterized by the presence of caryophyllene oxide and 1-octen-3-ol. The methanolic extract exhibits notable antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory properties, whereas the aqueous extract demonstrates high antioxidant activity. Additionally, three compounds of teucrioside, teucrin A, and 6-α- hydroxyteuscordine have been isolated and characterized.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".