In vivo overexpression of the avian interleukin-17 in a necrotic enteritis disease model modulates the expression of antimicrobial peptides in the small intestine of broilers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In humans and mice, the induction of interleukin (IL)-17 expression enhances epithelial barrier integrity through the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMP), thereby improving antibacterial defense. However, it is unclear whether IL-17 has similar antibacterial effects in chickens by modulating the expression of AMPs, such as avian beta-defensins (also known as gallinacins) and cathelicidins. This study evaluated the in vivo effects of inoculating 20-day-old broiler chickens with two doses of a plasmid encoding chicken IL-17 (pCDNA3.1/rchIL-17-V5-HIS TOPO plasmid [pCDNA3.1-IL-17]; 5 or 10 μg/bird). On day 23 of age, all broilers, except those in the negative control group, were orally challenged with a virulent Clostridium perfringens strain for three days. To investigate IL-17-mediated effects against C. perfringens infection, the expression of avian beta-defensin 1 (avBD1), avBD2, avBD4, avBD6, cathelicidins, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes were quantified, and gross necrotic enteritis (NE) lesion scores were assessed in the small intestine. The results showed that broilers receiving the higher dose of pCDNA3.1-IL-17 (10 μg) had significantly lower NE lesion scores compared to those receiving the lower dose (5 μg), the vector control, and the positive control groups. Furthermore, the expression of all avian beta-defensins and cathelicidin genes was detectable across all groups, regardless of treatment and time points. IL-17 treatment led to significantly higher expression of avBD1, avBD2, avBD4, avBD6, cathelicidin, and iNOS in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared to control chickens. In C. perfringens-infected chickens, the expression of avBD1, avBD2, avBD4, cathelicidin, and iNOS in the ileum was significantly higher than in control chickens. Pre-treatment with the higher dose of pCDNA3.1-IL-17 (10 μg) in infected chickens was associated with reduced NE lesion severity and increased expression of avBD1, avBD2, cathelicidin, and iNOS in the ileum, but not avBD4 and avBD6. These findings provide new insights into the potential effect of IL-17 and reduction in NE lesion severity by modulating AMP expression which may be involved in mediating protective immunity against intestinal infection with C. perfringens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".