Comparison of Personality Types and Alexithymia between Opiates Dependents, Concurrent Opiates and Methamphetamine Users and Control Group Referred to Drug Abuse Treatment Centers in Kerman City in 2020
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the personality type and alexithymia between opiates dependents, concurrent opiates and methamphetamine users and control groups presenting to drug abuse treatment centers in Kerman in 2020. Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, three groups with a sample size of 130 participants were recruited through convenience sampling from six drug abuse treatment centers (two governmental and four private centers) in Kerman, 2020. The first group comprised opiates-only users. The second group included concurrent opiates and methamphetamine users. The third group included never-drug users. The data were collected using three questionnaires including a demographic questionnaire, the Friedman and Rosenman personality types questionnaire and Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Comparison of variables between the three groups was done using multivariable multinomial logistic regression. Results: The research outcomes indicated a higher chance of type A personality in the opiates with methamphetamine dependents (adjusted odds ratio (AOR):1.97; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 3.64, 1.06) compared to the control group. The chance of severe alexithymia was higher among opiates dependents (AOR: 1.86; 95% CI: 3.27, 1.06) and concurrent opiates and methamphetamine users (AOR: 2.7; 95% CI: 4.83, 1.51) compared to the control group. The concurrent opiates and methamphetamine users were more likely to be male (AOR: 3.1; 95% CI: 6.25, 1.53), single (AOR: 2.6; 95% CI: 4.72, 1.43) and unemployed (AOR: 4.01; 95% CI: 9.09, 1.77) compared to the control group. Compared to the control group, the opiates dependents (AOR: 4.14; 95% CI: 7.71, 2.22) and the opiates with methamphetamine dependents (AOR: 1.95; 95% CI: 3.69, 1.03) were more likely to have education levels lower than secondary school diploma. Conclusion: Considering the relationship between the personality type and alexithymia with opiates and methamphetamine use, early screening, continuous care, and necessary trainings are required to prevent drug dependency in high-risk people, especially at younger ages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".