Are female athlete specific health considerations being assessed and addressed in preparticipation examinations? A scoping review and proposed framework
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Preparticipation examinations (PPEs) are unstandardized screening tools routinely used to collect an athlete's baseline health information prior to the start of a new competitive season. However, many PPEs include minimal and often nonspecific questions related to the health concerns of female athletes. A lack of female athlete specific health questions could result in missed red flags and subsequent injury or illness. As such, the objectives of this scoping review were to (a) determine what female athlete specific health questions currently exist in PPEs in the scientific literature to prevent injury and illness, and (b) map the results against the health domains outlined in the International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement supplement on the female athlete. METHODS: We searched Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Medline Ovid, and SPORTDiscus from inception to December 2022. Any study with female athlete specific health PPE questions or recommendations for questions (i.e., menstrual health, eating habits, musculoskeletal health, etc.) was included. Three reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, followed by full text articles for eligibility and data extraction, with conflicts resolved by a third-party reviewer. Extracted data were summarized into 3 determined groupings. RESULTS: Of the 1356 studies screened, 41 were included in this study. Forty studies (98%) included questions/recommendations related to menstrual health. Thirty-one studies (76%) had questions/recommendations concerning disordered eating/eating habits. Twenty-four studies (59%) referred to body weight/image, and 16 studies (39%) referred to musculoskeletal health. No studies included questions on all IOC female athlete health domains. CONCLUSION: There is currently a gap in female athlete specific health content included in PPEs. A more comprehensive, standardized PPE with a focus on inclusion of female athlete specific health questions and considerations should be developed to improve health and optimal participation of female athletes around the world.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.021 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".