The association between anxiety and depression symptoms and clinical and pain characteristics in patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms and explore the association between these symptoms and clinical and pain characteristics in patients with chronic pain (CP) due to hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, adult patients with CP and knee and/or hip OA were included. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Visual analogue scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and PainDetect Questionnaire assessed pain characteristics and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) evaluated functional disability. Correlation coefficients were used to explore the associations between anxiety and depression symptoms and clinical and pain characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 61 patients (age 66.2±9.4 years, 67.2% female) were included. Most patients (70.5%) had clinically significant anxiety and/or depression symptoms. Patients with anxiety and/or depression symptoms had higher pain severity (p=0.032) and disability (p=0.014). Depression symptoms had a moderate positive correlation with WOMAC physical function subscale (r=0.520), WOMAC total (r=0.511) and HAQ (r=0.405). CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and depression symptoms are prevalent in knee or hip OA patients with CP and were associated with higher pain severity and functional disability. These findings support the screening of anxiety and depression symptoms in OA patients, in order to develop more effective multidisciplinary treatments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".