Transcription factor CpWRKY50 enhances anthracnose resistance by promoting jasmonic acid signaling in papaya
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Colletotrichum brevisporum is an important fungal pathogen that causes anthracnose and has led to serious postharvest losses of papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit in recent years. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play vital roles in regulating plant resistance to pathogens, but their functions in papaya anthracnose resistance need further exploration. In this study, we identified a WRKY TF, CpWRKY50, which belongs to the WRKY IIc subfamily. During infection with C. brevisporum, expression of CpWRKY50 in anthracnose-resistant papaya cultivars was significantly higher than that in susceptible cultivars. CpWRKY50 was induced by methyl jasmonate, and CpWRKY50 localized in the nucleus. In yeast, full-length CpWRKY50 had transactivation activity, but CpWRKY50 variants truncated at the N or C termini did not. CpWRKY50 positively regulated papaya resistance to C. brevisporum, as demonstrated by transient overexpression of CpWRKY50 in papaya and heterologous expression of CpWRKY50 in tomato. Moreover, endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-isoleucine levels in the fruits of transgenic tomato OE lines were higher than in wild type both before and after inoculation with C. brevisporum, indicating that increased CpWRKY50 expression promotes JA accumulation. Furthermore, our results revealed CpWRKY50 directly binds to W-box motifs (TTGACC) in the promoters of two JA signaling-related genes, CpMYC2 and pathogenesis-related 4 CpPR4, thereby activating their expression. Our data support that CpWRKY50 positively regulates anthracnose resistance in papaya by promoting JA signaling. These results broaden our understanding of papaya disease resistance mechanisms and will facilitate the genetic improvement of papaya through molecular breeding.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it