Compact Fully Printed GPS/GNSS Antenna Using Embedded MTM-EBGs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A compact and low-profile antenna for global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), with particular optimization for triband Global Positioning System (GPS) coverage, is presented. A dual-band antenna is developed with the use of metamaterial-based electromagnetic bandgap structures (MTM-EBGs) that covers GPS L1, L2, and L5 bands and a majority of the GNSS spectrum. The patch antenna is fabricated on two sides of a single substrate sheet above a ground plane, with a 3-D printed polylactic acid (PLA) substrate spacer for simple fabrication. The antenna is fed by a wideband and planar feed network below the ground plane, and simulation and measurement results show good performance in terms of matching, gain, pattern shape, and axial ratio, demonstrating that this antenna is an excellent candidate for use with modern high-accuracy multiband and multisystem GPS/GNSS receivers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".