Gender in the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement – third generation trade agreement as a gateway to policy coordination?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article considers the place of trade and gender in EU-Canada relations, with a particular focus on CETA and its functioning in a broader sense. More specifically, the authors seek to understand the process of defining the trade and gender agenda under the CETA framework and the practical ways the EU and Canada have sought to respond to them. The authors examine the challenges and opportunities related to women’s participation in the EU-Canada trade flows, what the instruments developed to support them were, what tools were at their disposal, whether CETA had had a real impact on their business activities, as well as the dynamics of the policy exchange and learning. The authors find that CETA delivers solid structures to design and implement concrete actions, leading to more policy coordination between the EU and Canada on trade and gender issues. However, there are still several gaps that need to be addressed, with the lack of disaggregated data being the most important. Le genre dans l’Accord économique et commercial global entre le Canada et l’Union européenne : un accord commercial de troisième génération qui débuterait une coordination des politiques ? Cet article s’intéresse à la place qu’occupent le commerce et le genre dans les relations entre le Canada et l’Union européenne (UE), et plus particulièrement à la place de l’Accord économique et commercial global (AECG) et de son implémentation au sens large. Plus spécifiquement, nous cherchons à comprendre les processus de définition du commerce et du genre dans le cadre de l’AECG et les façons concrètes dont l’UE et le Canada y répondent. Nous nous interrogeons sur les défis et les opportunités de la participation des femmes aux flux commerciaux entre l’UE et le Canada, sur les outils créés pour les soutenir, sur les outils tels qu’ils ont été mis à leur disposition, sur l’impact réel de l’AECG sur leurs activités commerciales, ainsi que sur les dynamiques d’échange de politiques et d’apprentissage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.019 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".