Finite Element Modelling Of an Anatomically Accurate Human Spinal Cord
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The spinal cord is a critical component of the human body that is responsible for transmitting motor and sensory impulses.However, the effects of mechanical loading on the spinal cord under tension and compression are not yet fully understood.Injuries or damages to the spinal cord can result in issues ranging from mild loss of motor capabilities to severe disabilities.Additionally, the complex nature of the biological tissue and its varying responses to external impact leads to difficulty in prognosis of the condition and subsequently determining the appropriate treatment.In this study, we have developed a properly scaled, 3-Dimensional CAD model of a healthy human spinal cord that is anatomically accurate, based on microscopic images from the spinal cord atlas.We used experimental data published in the literature to define the material parameters of the tissue.The model was then validated against the experimental results found in the literature.The simulation results and the mechanical responses obtained were found to have satisfactory agreements with the experimental data.We believe our model could be used for complex cases of spinal cord injuries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".