Designing a Culturally Relevant Digital Skin Cancer Prevention Intervention for Hispanic Individuals: Qualitative Exploration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In the past 2 decades, melanoma incidence among Hispanic individuals has risen by 20%. The mortality rate of Hispanic individuals is higher than that for non-Hispanic White individuals. Skin cancer can largely be prevented with regular sun protection, and skin cancer outcomes can be improved through early detection, for example, by skin self-examination. Alarmingly, Hispanic individuals are less aware of the symptoms and harms of skin cancers, tend to have misperceptions regarding the risks and benefits of skin cancer prevention behaviors, and engage in less sun protection behaviors than non-Hispanic White individuals. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to use a community-engaged approach and conduct both group and individual interviews among Hispanic individuals and relevant key stakeholders to explore the potential design of a mobile-based skin cancer prevention intervention for Hispanic individuals. METHODS: This study used a qualitative design (focus groups and individual interviews). Participants were recruited from local community organizations' social media, local events, and contact lists (eg, email). Zoom interviews were conducted to examine whether Hispanic individuals would be interested in a mobile-based skin cancer intervention and to explore their preferences and suggestions to inform skin cancer prevention intervention design. RESULTS: Five focus groups (2 in Spanish and 3 in English) among self-identified Hispanic individuals (n=34) and 15 semistructured, in-depth individual interviews among key stakeholders (health care providers and community leaders; eg, dermatologist, nurse practitioner, licensed social worker, and church leader) were conducted. The main themes and subthemes emerging from the group discussions and individual interviews were organized into the following categories: intervention platform, delivery frequency and format, message design, engagement plan, and activities. WhatsApp and Facebook were identified as suitable platforms for the intervention. Messages including short videos, visuals (eg, images and photographs), and simple texts messages were preferred. Recommendations for message design included personalized messages, personal stories and narratives, culturally relevant design (eg, incorporating family values), and community-trusted sources. Potential engagement and retention recommendations were also discussed. Additional details and exemplar quotes of each theme and subtheme are described. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important insights and directions for the design of a mobile, digital skin cancer intervention to modify Hispanic individuals' sun protection and skin self-examination behaviors to help improve skin cancer outcomes. Insights gathered from community leaders and health care providers provided valuable additions to the community-derived data. Leveraging popular digital platforms among Hispanic individuals such as WhatsApp or Facebook could be a promising approach to skin cancer prevention. Recommendations from the community included the use of concise videos, illustrative images, clear text messages, tailored communications, narratives featuring personal experiences, designs that reflect cultural significance, and information from sources that are trusted by the community, which provided useful strategies for future intervention design among Hispanic individuals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".