Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ongoing switch towards more sustainable energy system is one of the most important challenges that society today is facing.The energy system in Sweden is currently confronted with questions as for example unprecedented electricity prices driven both by geopolitical constrains and supply constrains in the European energy system.Consumers have also experienced significant difference in price within the country, and existing bottlenecks have resulted in substantial income transfer from the consumers to the transmission system operator.This situation is mainly based on the fact that most of the production of electricity occurs in the north of Sweden, whilst the demand is relatively higher in the south of the country.Sweden faces a delicate balance between increasing electricity demand and the need for sustainable, efficient, and resilient energy systems.The energy system in Sweden needs to be resilient and at the same time meet the upcoming significant increased demand of electricity.It is vital that all available energy sources are included in planning of the future energy system.Sweden has a higher use of electricity compared to other European countries, mainly due to historical low electricity prices.This means that there is a potential to reduce the use of electricity in Sweden, which needs to be considered to avoid risk to miss the potential of more efficient use of electricity.There are several studies that are analysing the most optimal mix of electricity production.The aim of this study is to give a review of current research studies dealing with the opportunities and challenges linked to the need for a future resilient Swedish energy system that meets both the today´s and futures need of electricity.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".