Development of a New Laboratory Earthquake Setup Featuring a Paraffin oil-based Gel as Analogue Material
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, we present the development of a new experimental setup composed of an analogue fault surrounded by paraffin oil-based gel, which allows us to simulate earthquake-like events in the laboratory.The apparatus is designed to test the possibility of mitigating earthquake-like instabilities using control theory.We present the physical properties of the paraffin oil-based gel as functions of strain rate, strain, and temperature.Our results show a linear relation between the stress and strain up to 30% shear strain, along with a low viscosity at high strain rate.Furthermore, we engineered the frictional properties of the analogue fault using 3D-printed patches placed along its surface.Finally, an experimental earthquake simulation, using the setup, demonstrates a sudden slip event within the gel, propagating at a speed between and 2 , where represents the shear wave velocity of the gel, which is consistent with theoretical and previous experimental results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".