Ophthalmic Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), estimated at 843 per 100,000 people (95% PI 828-859) (i.e., 0.843% of the population) in 2023 is increasing in Canada and is expected to reach 1.1% of the Canadian population by 2035. Consequently, extraintestinal manifestations and complications will also increase. Up to 50% of patients suffering from IBD will develop an extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) during the course of their disease, patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) being more often affected then those with ulcerative colitis (UC). Ocular manifestations are the third most common EIM after articular and dermatological involvements. Ocular complaints in patients with IBD can represent an EIM, a complication of systemic treatment or an unrelated affection. All patients presenting with a red eye, light sensitivity, loss of vision or any acute ocular symptom(s) should be promptly evaluated by an eye specialist. Early detection of ophthalmologic diseases and appropriate management require collaboration between specialists and are of utmost importance to avoid permanent visual loss. The most common ocular manifestations reported in IBD patients are episcleritis (2-5%) and anterior uveitis (0.5-3.5%). Other less common manifestations include scleritis, intermediate and posterior uveitis, retinal vasculitis, retinal vascular occlusions, orbital inflammatory syndrome, and optic neuritis. Ocular manifestations can also be associated with malabsorption syndromes encountered in some patients with IBD. Secondary vitamin A deficiency can result in night blindness and keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".