Adults born preterm have lower peripheral skeletal muscle area and strength
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Prematurity is associated with lower exercise capacity, which relies on the integrity of the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and skeletal muscle systems. Our animal model mimicking prematurity-associated conditions showed altered muscle composition and atrophy in adulthood. This study aimed to compare muscle composition and strength in adults born preterm versus full-term controls. This observational cohort study recruited 55 adults born preterm, ≤ 29 weeks’ of gestation and 53 full-term controls who underwent musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging to assess morphology of the rectus femoris at rest and during a maximal voluntary contraction. Maximal voluntary contraction of the hands and legs were measured by manual dynamometry. In adults born preterm, there was lower muscle strength (handgrip: − 4.8 kg, 95% CI − 9.1, − 0.6; knee extensor: − 44.6 N/m, 95% CI − 63.4, − 25.8) and smaller muscle area (− 130 mm 2 , 95% CI − 207, − 53), which was more pronounced with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Muscle stiffness was increased in the preterm versus term group (0.4 m/s, 95% CI 0.04, 0.7). Prematurity is associated with alterations in skeletal muscle composition, area, and function in adulthood. These findings highlight the necessity to implement preventive and/or curative approaches to improve muscle development and function following preterm birth to enhance overall health in this population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".