Fluorescence-guided laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair using indocyanine green angiography to prevent iatrogenic vascular injury: A case report and video
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide, associated with a roughly 10 % rate of complications, most commonly iatrogenic injury to blood vessels, sometimes necessitating conversion to open surgery. Fluorescence-guided laparoscopic surgery using indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) facilitates the precise identification of numerous anatomical structures, especially vascular, reducing their risk of iatrogenic injury. We present the first published case and video demonstrating LIHR with ICG-FA to prevent intra-operative vascular injury. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 46-year-old, otherwise-healthy male with a right inguinal hernia underwent fluorescence-guided LIHR using ICG-FA. Before peritoneal dissection, 2 ml ICG was administered intravenously, followed by 10 ml physiological solution. The surgical field was then illuminated using the Stryker fluorescence system. Once vascular structures were located, the sac was dissected. After reversing the peritoneum, but before placing the extraperitoneal mesh, another dose of ICG was administered intravenously to aid in safely securing the mesh. Both times after ICG injection, both the iliac artery and spermatic arteries were clearly visible throughout their course in the surgical field within 45 s. The hernia was repaired successfully with no complications. DISCUSSION: ICG-FA appears to facilitate inguinal hernia repair by enabling real-time visualization of anatomical structures, theoretically reducing the risk of complications, particularly vascular injuries. It is particularly helpful identifying the inguinal area's highly-vascular 'triangle of doom'. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are warranted to evaluate short- and the long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness of ICG-fluorescence angiography during laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".