Bioactive lipids are altered in the heart, kidney, and serum of male and female F344 rats sub-chronically exposed to dietary 2-MCPD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chloropropanols have been identified as processing-induced food contaminants that occur as by-products of the manufacturing of refined food oils and hydrolyzed vegetable protein. There has been a paucity of research on the 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD) isomer, thus forming a data gap for regulatory risk assessment. Previous studies suggest 2-MCPD causes adverse cardiotoxic, nephrotoxic, and myotoxic effects, but were inconclusive for hazard identification; thus a dose-response OECD TG-408-compliant study was conducted by Health Canada. Our study profiled the effects of 2-MCPD on oxylipins and oxidized phosphatidylcholines, using HPLC-MS/MS, in heart, kidney, serum, and skeletal muscle of male and female F344 rats orally exposed to 2-MCPD (40 mg/kg BW/d) for 90 days. Cardiac n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived oxylipins, particularly DHA-derived oxylipins, were lower with 2-MCPD exposure, coincident with cardiac lesions. Lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins were decreased in the serum with a greater effect in the male 2-MCPD treatment group. Few oxylipin alterations were seen in the kidney and there was an absence of alterations in the tibialis anterior. Oxidized phosphatidylcholines and isoprostanes were not altered in this study, indicating that oxidative stress was not elevated by 2-MCPD. These findings add to the weight of the evidence for 2-MCPD toxicity and support the use of serum oxylipins as potential biomarkers of 2-MCPD exposure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".