Ethnic variation in stated recycling attitudes and behaviors among households in Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a review of 12 ethnic groups in three urban communities in the Greater Toronto Area, this study found that there is significant behavioral heterogeneity with respect to why people recycle, motivators for recycling, and general attitudes towards the environment and stewardship. White Canadians reported having the most positive attitudes towards recycling and awareness of recycling consequences, while ethnic minorities did not readily equate recycling with particular environmental outcomes (i.e. recycling helps mitigate climate change). A particularly salient finding is that there is a marked difference in reported behavior and attitudes between first and second (and third etc.) generation immigrants across all cultural groups. 2nd and 3rd generation Ontarians have much more homogenous behavioral drivers that inform recycling participation relative to those born outside the country. 2nd and 3rd generation Canadians were more likely to report recycling for altruistic and habitual reasons. However, first generation immigrants often reported having significantly different drivers of behavior.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".