A 180 nm CMOS Low-Power Digitally Controlled Charge-Pump for CMUT Devices Generating up to 23V
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The operation of capacitive micromechanical ultrasonic transducers (CMUT) depends entirely on a high bias voltage, and this voltage needs to be adjusted according to the physical aspects of CMUTs. Hence, this paper proposes a digitally controlled charge pump circuitry designed and implemented using TSMC 180 nm CMOS technology. The system comprises an 11 -stage cross-coupled charge pump, and can provide a variable output voltage within the range of 15 V to 23 V at an input voltage of 3.3 V. This is achieved through precise digitally control of the frequency clock of charge pump from 65 MHz to 105 MHz. As such, the proposed system ensures adaptability to diverse operational requirements. Through a comprehensive schematic and post-layout simulations it is shown that the entire system has a low power consumption of 48.2 µW at a supply voltage of 3.3V, and occupies an area of 0.09 mm2.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".