The benefits and harms of inpatient involuntary psychiatric treatment: a scoping review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This scoping review examined quantitative research comparing involuntary inpatient groups with voluntary inpatients or other comparator group. Ten themes were identified: patient knowledge of legal status, experienced or perceived coercion, effects on medication use, clinical effects measured on outcome scales, effects on psychiatric readmission, use of restraints and seclusion, effects on suicide and deaths, patient satisfaction, length of stay and carer experiences. The review found that involuntary inpatient admission was associated with harms including increased subjective and objective coercion, increased cost and decreased patient satisfaction. In addition, it found that there may be significant confusion among both voluntary and involuntary patients regarding their legal rights. However, patients admitted on an involuntary basis experienced greater improvements in symptoms and function, possibly due to greater symptom burden prior to admission. Involuntary treatment carries the potential for both benefit and harms that should be acknowledged and mitigated by service providers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.041 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.011 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".