Environmental Impact of Coherent Point-to-Multipoint Pluggables in Metro Aggregation Optical Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The environmental impact of telecommunications is becoming increasingly relevant in our society as more data are transmitted every day. On the one hand, telecommunication networks help, for example, by reducing the number of travels and visits; on the other hand, the energy consumed by the network elements and devices is reaching unprecedented levels as a consequence of the growing bandwidth demand needed by novel applications and services. In this contribution, we analyze key metrics to estimate the energy efficiency, in building an optical network, of several types of optical transceivers when employed in the most common topologies of metro aggregation networks, i.e., horseshoes, rings, and hub-and-spoke. We considered three different types of coherent pluggable modules: (i) 400G ZR point-to-point (P2P); (ii) 400G ZR+ P2P; and (iii) 100G/400G point-to-multipoint (P2MP) which can be enabled by digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM). We show that the P2MP approach needs—due to its inherent flexibility and the ability to simplify network design—the lowest number of devices, and consequently the lowest amount of CO<inf>2</inf> emissions among the three considered metro aggregation network scenarios.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".