4.8-V all-solid-state garnet-based lithium-metal batteries with stable interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Garnet-type solid electrolytes with high chemical and electrochemical stabilities are uniquely suitable for high-voltage operation but suffer from poor wettability with electrodes, resulting in large interfacial impedance. Here, we design a highly conductive and interface-friendly garnet-based composite solid electrolyte (CSE) comprising a cubic Li6.1Al0.3La3Zr2O12 porous framework and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) with a three-dimensional continuous structure. Formation of La-N and La-F bonds between ceramic and polymer moieties promotes the dissociation of Li salt and thus leads to highly efficient transport. These coupling effects contribute to a high ionic conductivity (0.437 mS cm−1) and Li transfer number t+ (0.72) at 25°C, while simultaneously enable high electrode/electrolyte interfacial stability. The high-voltage robustness of the developed CSE is demonstrated using TiO2-coated LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2/ceramic-based CSE/Li full solid-state batteries, which are stably cycled over 200 times from 3 to 4.8 V with no signs of interfacial instabilities at nanoscale.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".