Structure and function of fermentation-derived bovine lactoferrin produced from <i>Komagataella phaffii</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bovine lactoferrin (bLf) confers significant functional benefits for human health, but low concentrations in milk and high cost of commercial production limit availability and thus product application. Precision fermentation offers a solution to increase availability of biosimilar recombinant bLf (rbLf) thereby opening new opportunities for this high-value ingredient. To comply with regulatory requirements, we aimed to establish that rbLf from Komagataella phaffii is substantially similar to native bLf in structure and key functions. Intact mass analysis showed a molecular weight of 84 kDa for rbLf, comparable to 82–83 kDa of bLf. LC-MS N-linked glycan profiling revealed predominantly high-mannose-based glycans on rbLf, similar to ∼50% of bLf glycans. The isoelectric point and core amino acid sequence of rbLf and bLf are identical. rbLf retains the functional ability to bind and release iron, bind to intestinal Lf receptors, increase epithelial cell growth (>120% of control, P < 0.0001), reduce enteropathogenic Escherichia coli growth (>50% reduction, P < 0.0001), bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (+4-fold, P < 0.001), and antagonize LPS-induced toll-like receptor 4 activity (>40% reduction, P < 0.0001). These results demonstrate similarity of rbLf in structure and function to native bLf, supporting the effective application for expanded market opportunities for infant and adult health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".