Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aboriginal title/native title is a term referring to the proprietary, customary law interests in land of indigenous communities or ‘first nations’, employed mainly in common law jurisdictions such as Canada, the US, Australia, and New Zealand (→ Minorities, International Protection). In some contexts-eg Canada-a distinction is made between aboriginal rights and aboriginal title. Aboriginal rights are defined in terms of certain activities which flow from the practices, customs, or traditions integral to the distinctive culture of the indigenous group claiming such rights, whereas aboriginal title refers more generally to the right to land itself. In other contexts-eg Australia-native title is regarded as a collective term for particular species of legal rights. Accordingly, the use of these terms differs slightly depending on how the conceptual basis of aboriginal title/native title is viewed (see paras 4-14 below). The doctrine of aboriginal title is applied in jurisdictions which formerly were colonies of the British Empire, or which were under its influence, especially where colonial settlement was prominent and permanent, and indigenous identities have not been obscured (→ Colonialism). The doctrine of aboriginal title recognizes that land was used and occupied by aboriginal or indigenous peoples-the original inhabitants of colonized lands-before the advent of colonization and the arrival of settlers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.145 | 0.051 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".