Impact of differential settlement on leakage through geomembranes in waste covers: A field and numerical investigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluates the impact of differential settlement on leakage through geomembrane holes in landfill and mine tailings covers. Conducted at the Queen’s University Experimental Liner Test Site, the research spanned two sections with 4H:1V slopes over 13 months. Section B, featuring a 3 m x 2 m depression (0.12 - 0.17 m deep), exhibited a 51- fold increase in leakage compared to the uniform Section A without depression (493L vs 11.1 L). Intriguingly, during colder months with lower precipitation, leakage in Section B surged by 43%, contrary to the lesser leakage observed during warmer, wetter months. 3D numerical models corroborate these findings, attributing the increased leakage during cold periods to reduced temperature-induced hydraulic conductivity of the cover sand. The research provides insights for design and inspection to effectively manage contaminant leakage in waste covers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".