The Influence Of Running Intensity On Femoral Cartilage Deformation In Competitive Runners
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Competitive compared with recreational runners have higher odds of osteoarthritis (OA) and running related injuries, possibly from different types of running that are associated with high loading rates. PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of running intensity on acute femoral cartilage deformation in competitive runners. METHODS: Twenty-four competitive runners participated (11 females and 13 males; Height = 1.73 ± 0.08 m, Mass = 64.4 ± 9.4 kg, Weekly Running Amount = 78.4 ± 17.6 km, 1500 m Personal Best = 257.1 ± 23.2 s). Competitive runners were currently competing or competed within the last year on an intercollegiate team or at a national/provincial championship level in the 800 m to 10,000 m. Participants underwent two counterbalanced running sessions (continuous and interval) 2-7 days apart. Ultrasound imaging of femoral cartilage was done before and after each running session. The continuous run was 7 km at participants’ self-selected pace (Speed = 12.11 ± 0.7 km/hour). The interval run was 10 x 400 m with 300 m recovery at 85 to 90% of their 1500 m personal best pace (Interval Speed = 18.7 ± 1.6 km/hour; Rest Speed = 11.7 ± 0.7 km/hour). Footwear was instrumented with force sensing insoles to measure the vertical loading rate, peak ground reaction force, and impulse. 2 (time) by 2 (condition) ANOVA with repeated measures evaluated the change in cartilage thickness between conditions after running. Pearson correlation assessed the association between kinetic outcomes and the change in cartilage thickness in each condition. RESULTS: Lateral femoral cartilage demonstrated greater deformation after interval running compared to continuous (p = 0.003). A significant main effect of time was seen in medial femoral cartilage where deformation was similar collapsed across conditions (1.92 (1.82, 2.02) vs. 1.83 (1.73, 1.93) mm; Mean Difference = -0.094 (-0.147, -0.042) mm, p = 0.001). The vertical loading rate, peak ground reaction force, and impulse was not associated with cartilage deformation (all r < 0.32, all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Interval running may contribute to increased lateral joint stress and greater acute cartilage deformation, which may contribute to the disparity in knee OA between recreational and competitive runners. Moreover, patellofemoral pain symptoms may be worsened by faster interval running. This project received funding from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2022-04804, PI: DN Pamukoff)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".